Portugal is primarily a destination country for human trafficking,
with labour exploitation being the most prevalent form of this crime.
However, it also plays a key role as a transit country, particularly on
the Latin America route, predominantly from Brazil to Europe. Cases of
human trafficking are believed to be significantly under-reported. Most
of the minor victims are boys from Romania, who are primarily exploited
for adoption, labour exploitation, domestic servitude, begging or sexual
exploitation.
The majority of adult victims are men from developing
countries, particularly African countries. In this context, Portugal
usually serves as a transit country for the West Africa route in which
victims obtain fraudulent documents before moving on to other European
countries where they are frequently subjected to sexual exploitation.
The continuance of human trafficking in Portugal is enabled by
inadequate victim identification, the ongoing illicit practices of
temporary employment and recruitment agencies, and the pervasiveness of
false promises made to victims. Transnational criminal networks,
particularly those from Eastern Europe, are the main players involved in
this activity, and both domestic and foreign actors profit from it.
Human smuggling is also a prevalent criminal market in Portugal. People
from countries in Southern Asia, such as India, Nepal, and Bangladesh,
and Eastern Europe, such as Romania, Moldova, and Bulgaria, as well as
Latin America and West Africa, are increasingly smuggled into the
country to be exploited in various sectors, mainly agriculture and
hospitality.
Criminal actors, including domestic and transnational
networks, use sea or air routes as transit platforms. Balkan criminal
networks use national airports to convey people irregularly into
Portugal. The El Jadida–Faro sea route is used to avoid controls carried
out by Moroccan authorities and the Canary Islands are increasingly
being targeted along the West African route. A significant rise in
document fraud connected to border controls has been detected.
Historically, the extortion and protection racketeering market has been
pervasive in the country, especially in the north, usually involving
biker gangs. However, recent evidence has been scarce and major events
related to this crime are no longer common. Nevertheless, extortion is
still occurring in the country and the latest reports indicate the
moderate involvement of foreign actors too.
in Organized Crime Index