As of 2024, migrants (foreign-born residents) make up approximately 10–15% of the total population of the European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries, but this varies significantly by nation. Below is a breakdown by country and key trends:
1. Overall Statistics for Europe (EU/EFTA)
Total migrant population: ~52–56 million (out of ~447 million EU/EFTA residents).
Percentage: 11.6–12.5% of the total population.
Including non-EU countries (e.g., UK, Switzerland, Norway): The figure rises to 13–14%.
Source: Eurostat (2023), OECD Migration Outlook.
2. Countries with the Highest Migrant Shares
| Country | % Foreign-Born | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Luxembourg | ~47% | High expat workforce (EU institutions). |
| Switzerland | ~30% | Driven by labor migration. |
| Sweden | ~20% | Refugees (Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq). |
| Germany | ~18% | Largest migrant population in EU (~15M). |
| Austria | ~17% | Balkan and EU migrants. |
| Norway | ~16% | Labor and family reunification. |
3. Countries with Lower Migrant Shares
| Country | % Foreign-Born | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Poland | ~2% | Rising recently due to Ukrainian refugees. |
| Romania | ~1.5% | High emigration, low immigration. |
| Bulgaria | ~2% | Similar to Romania. |
| Slovakia | ~3% | Anti-immigration policies. |
4. Recent Trends
Ukraine War Impact: Over 6 million Ukrainians (mostly women/children) were granted temporary protection in the EU (2022–2024), notably in Germany, Poland, and Czechia.
Mediterranean Migration: Italy, Spain, and Greece receive significant arrivals from Africa/Middle East, but migrant shares remain moderate (~10–12%).
UK Post-Brexit: Migrants comprise ~14% (down from 16% in 2020 due to stricter policies).
5. Definitions & Caveats
Migrants: Defined as foreign-born residents, including naturalized citizens.
Refugees vs. Economic Migrants: ~25–30% of migrants are asylum-seekers/refugees; the rest are labor/family migrants.
Undocumented Migrants: Estimates add ~1–3% to official figures in Southern Europe.
6. Sources
Eurostat (2023 data).
OECD Migration Database.
UNHCR (refugee statistics).
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